The dark energy is the biggest Mystery in the universe. In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which permeates all of space and tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe.
Albert Einstein was the first person to realize that empty space is not nothing that space has amazing properties. The first property that Einstein discovered is that it is possible for more space to come into existence.As more space comes into existence more of this energy of space would appear. As a result this form of energy would cause the universe to expand faster and faster. Since space is everywhere, this darkenergy force is also everywhere and its effect increase as space expands. In contrast, gravity’s force is stronger when
things are close together and weaker when they are far part.
Because gravity is weakening with expansion of space, the darkenergy now makes up over 3/4 of all the energy in the universe We had been thought from our small age that stars are far away from us, So only star light cannot reaches us till now. But the fact is that dark energy stops the light rays to reach the earth. The light gets dim when it travels through the darkenergy. We studied that the only energy which can travel faster among all the energy (E.g.:sound ,magnetic) is light energy. But dark energy is the energy which can travel even faster than the light energy.
This dark energy spread around the universe. This is the reason why light cannot be reached the earth.The dark energy began in a tiny fireball-Big Bang-and had expanded outward ever since carrying galaxies and supernovae along for ride.
Dark Matter
Dark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that cannot be seen with telescopes but accounts for most of the matter in the Universe. The existence and properties of dark matter are inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation, and the large-scale structure of the Universe.
Dark matter neither emits nor absorbs light or any other electromagnetic radiation at any significant level. According to the Planck mission team, and based on the standard model of cosmology, the total mass–energy of the known universe contains 4.9% ordinary matter, 26.8% dark matter and 68.3% dark energy. Thus, dark matter is estimated to constitute 84.5% of the total matter in the Universe, while dark energy plus dark matter constitute 95.1% of the total mass–energy content of the Universe.
The majority of dark matter is not made of baryons (ordinary-matter including protons and neutrons. A small proportion of dark matter may be baryonic dark matter: astronomical bodies, such as massive compact halo objects, which are composed of ordinary matter but emit little or no electromagnetic radiation. Study of nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang produces an upper bound on the
amount of baryonic matter in the Universe, which indicates that the vast majority of dark matter in the Universe cannot be baryons, and thus does not form atoms. It also cannot interact with ordinary matter via electromagnetic forces; in particular, dark matter particles do not carry any electric charge.
Supernovae
A supernova is an explosion of a massive supergiant star. It may shine with the brightness of 10 billion suns! The total energy output may be 1044 joules, as much as the total output of the sun during its 10 billion year lifetime. The likely scenario is that fusion proceeds to build up a core of iron. The "iron group" of elements around mass number A=60 are the most tightly bound nuclei, so no more energy can be gotten from nuclear fusion.
In 1998, two teams of astronomers studying distant supernovae made the remarkable discovery that the expansion of the universe is speeding up. Yet, according to Einstein's theory of General Relativity, gravity should lead to a slowing of the expansion. To explain cosmic acceleration, cosmologists are faced with two possibilities: Either 75% of the universe exists in an exotic form, now called dark energy, that exhibits a gravitational force opposite to the attractive gravity of ordinary matter, or General Relativity must be replaced by a new theory of gravity on cosmic scales.
The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is designed to probe the origin of the accelerating universe and help uncover the nature of dark energy by measuring the 14-billion-year history of cosmic expansion with high precision. More than 120 scientists from 23 institutions in the United States, Spain, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Germany are working on the project. This collaboration has built and deployed an extremely sensitive 570-Megapixel digital camera, DECam. This new camera has been mounted on the Blanco 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, high in the Chilean Andes. Starting in August of 2013 and continuing for five years, DES has begun to survey a large swath of the southern sky out to vast distances in order to provide new clues to this most fundamental of questions. The Dark energy is the one of the biggest energy and fastest energy than any other energy.
By-
K Suryakumar MCA
